The Efficacy of Herbal Supplement Danggui Buxue Tang for Relieving Menopausal Symptoms

Objectives@#This study aimed to further explore the efficacy and safety of Danggui Buxue Tang (DBT), a simple herbal formula, for improving the quality of life of women suffering from menopausal symptoms. @*Methods@#A third clinical trial to determine the clinical efficacy of high-dose DBT for a period of 12 weeks was carried out. The standard Menopause-Specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) assessment chart was used for the evaluation. Safety was defined as an absence of direct estrogenic effects, serum inflammatory cytokines. Notably, interleukin IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor TNF-α, known to be directly related to estrogenic reactions in menopause studies, were monitored. @*Results@#The third clinical trial indicated an overall improvement in the four domains of MENQOL, offering further proof of the efficacy of DBT demonstrated in the two previous trials. The serial checks of the three cytokines related to estrogen activities did not show either upward or downward trends. The haphazard behavior reactions of the three cytokines offered indirect indications that DBT improved the MENQOL independently from estrogen activities. @*Conclusions@#The three clinical trials using DBT to relieve menopausal syndrome have offered solid evidence for its efficacy. The uncertainty regarding whether the “phytoestrogen” contained in DBT had bioactivities similar to estrogen was alleviated through the confirmation that no strict estrogenic bioactivities were observed. The issue of safety was further clarified via laboratory platform studies on DBT, which not only showed the lack of similarity with estrogen actions but also confirmed the value of combining the two herbs in the classic formula.

Inhibitory effect of different Dendrobium species on LPS-induced inflammation in macrophages via suppression of MAPK pathways / 中国天然药物

Dendrobii Caulis (DC), named 'Shihu' in Chinese, is a precious herb in traditional Chinese medicine. It is widely used to nourish stomach, enhance body fluid production, tonify "Yin" and reduce heat. More than thirty Dendrobium species are used as folk medicine. Some compounds from DC exhibit inhibitory effects on macrophage inflammation. In the present study, we compared the anti-inflammatory effects among eight Dendrobium species. The results provided evidences to support Dendrobium as folk medicine, which exerted its medicinal function partially by its inhibitory effects on inflammation. To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Dendrobium species, mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 was activated by lipopolysaccharide. The nitric oxide (NO) level was measured using Griess reagent while the pro-inflammatory cytokines were tested by ELISA. The protein expressions of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) phosphorylation were evaluated by Western blotting analysis. Among the eight Dendrobium species, both water extracts of D. thyrsiflorum B.S.Williams (DTW) and D. chrysotoxum Lindl (DCHW) showed most significant inhibitory effects on NO production in a concentration-dependent manner. DTW also significantly reduced TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-6 production. Further investigations showed that DTW suppressed iNOS and COX-2 expression as well as ERK and JNK phosphorylation, suggesting that the inhibitory effects of DTW on LPS-induced macrophage inflammation was through the suppression of MAPK pathways. In conclusion, D. thyrsiflorum B.S.Williams was demonstrated to have potential to be used as alternative or adjuvant therapy for inflammation.

Inhibitory effect of different Dendrobium species on LPS-induced inflammation in macrophages via suppression of MAPK pathways / 中国天然药物

Dendrobii Caulis (DC), named 'Shihu' in Chinese, is a precious herb in traditional Chinese medicine. It is widely used to nourish stomach, enhance body fluid production, tonify "Yin" and reduce heat. More than thirty Dendrobium species are used as folk medicine. Some compounds from DC exhibit inhibitory effects on macrophage inflammation. In the present study, we compared the anti-inflammatory effects among eight Dendrobium species. The results provided evidences to support Dendrobium as folk medicine, which exerted its medicinal function partially by its inhibitory effects on inflammation. To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Dendrobium species, mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 was activated by lipopolysaccharide. The nitric oxide (NO) level was measured using Griess reagent while the pro-inflammatory cytokines were tested by ELISA. The protein expressions of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) phosphorylation were evaluated by Western blotting analysis. Among the eight Dendrobium species, both water extracts of D. thyrsiflorum B.S.Williams (DTW) and D. chrysotoxum Lindl (DCHW) showed most significant inhibitory effects on NO production in a concentration-dependent manner. DTW also significantly reduced TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-6 production. Further investigations showed that DTW suppressed iNOS and COX-2 expression as well as ERK and JNK phosphorylation, suggesting that the inhibitory effects of DTW on LPS-induced macrophage inflammation was through the suppression of MAPK pathways. In conclusion, D. thyrsiflorum B.S.Williams was demonstrated to have potential to be used as alternative or adjuvant therapy for inflammation.

Seropharmacological study on osteogenic effects of post-absorption ingredients of an osteoprotective herbal formula / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To further investigate the {ptin vitro} effects of an osteoprotective herbal formula "ELP" (Herba Epimedii, Fructus Ligustri Lucidi and Fructus Psoraleae) using seropharmacological approach.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rats were fed with ELP or its individual component herbs for 2 days. The serum containing the postabsorbed ingredients of the herbal items were collected for cell culture using UMR106 cell, RAW264.7 cell and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) isolated from the bone marrow of the rats. The effects of the herbal-containing serum on cell toxicity were detected by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay; bromodeoxyuridine assay was conducted to measure the cell proliferation of UMR106 cell and MSC; cell activity was measured using colorimetric method, and mRNA expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteopontin (OPN) of UMR106 and MSC as well as matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and cathepsin K of RAW264.7 were analyzed using real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>ELP and its component serum exhibited no cytotoxic effects on the cells. The ELP-containing serum increased the proliferation of UMR106 cell and MSC by 25.7% and 14.4 %, respectively and the alkaline phosphatase activity of MSC was increased by 42.6%. On the contrary, it inhibited the RAW264.7 cell differentiation by 29.2 %. ELP serum upregulated the Runx2 expression of UMR and MSC by 1.18 fold and 1.27 fold, respectively. It also upregulated ALP and OPN expression in MSC by 1.69- and 2.12-fold, respectively. On the other hand, ELP serum down-regulated MMP-9 and cathepsin K expression of RAW264.7 cell by 0.46- and 0.36-fold, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The serum of the animals fed with ELP contains active ingredients which are effective in promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis.</p>

Hypnotic effects of a novel anti-insomnia formula on Drosophila insomnia model / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the biological effects of the six-herb mixture Anti-Insomia Formula (AIF) extract using caffeine-induced insomnia Drosophila model and short-sleep mutants.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Caffeineinduced insomnia wild-type Drosophila and short-sleep mutant flies minisleep (mns) and Hyperkinetic(Y) (Hk(Y)) were used to assess the hypnotic effects of the AIF in vivo. The night time activity, the amount of night time sleep and the number of sleep bouts were determined using Drosophila activity monitoring system. Sleep was defined as any period of uninterrupted behavioral immobility (0 count per minute) lasting > 5 min. Night time sleep was calculated by summing up the sleep time in the dark period. Number of sleep bouts was calculated by counting the number of sleep episodes in the dark period.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>AIF at the dosage of 50 mg/mL, effectively attenuated caffeine-induced wakefulness (P<0.01) in wild-type Canton-S flies as indicated by the reduction of the sleep bouts, night time activities and increase of the amount of night time sleep. AIF also significantly reduced sleeping time of short-sleep Hk(Y) mutant flies (P<0.01). However, AIF did not produce similar effect in mns mutants.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>AIF might be able to rescue the abnormal condition caused by mutated modulatory subunit of the tetrameric potassium channel, but not rescuing the abnormal nerve firing caused by Shaker gene mutation. This study provides the scientific evidence to support the use of AIF in Chinese medicine for promoting sleep quality in insomnia.</p>

Herbs and Rehabilitation after Stroke Study: A Multi-center, Double-blinded, Randomized Trial in Hong Kong / 대한뇌졸중학회지

No abstract available.

Bone protection effects of a novel Chinese herbal formula, taikong yangxin prescription, in hindlimb unloaded rats against bone deterioration / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the protective effects of a Chinese herbal formula, taikong yangxin prescription (TKYXP) against bone deterioration in a hindlimb unloaded (tail-suspension) rat model.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: tail-suspension group fed with 2.5 g•kg(-1)•day(-1) of TKYXP extract (high dose), tail-suspension group fed with 1.25 g•kg(-1)•day(-1) (low dose), tail-suspended group treated with water placebo (placebo control group) and non tail-suspended group. The effects of TKYXP on bone were assessed using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), microcomputerized tomography (micro-CT) and three-point bending biomechanical test on the femur in vivo.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>TKYXP had a significant protective effect against bone loss induced by tail-suspension on day 28, as shown in the reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) loss, preservation of bone micro-architecture and biomechanical strength. The administration ofhigh dose TKYXP could significantly reduce the total BMD loss by 4.8% and 8.0% at the femur and tibia regions, respectively, compared with the placebo control group (P<0.01) on day 28. Its bone protective effect on the femur was further substantiated by the increases of the trabecular BMD (by 6.6%), bone volume fraction (by 20.9%), trabecular number (by 9.5%) and thickness (by 11.9%) as compared with the placebo control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TKYXP may protect the bone under weightless influence from gradual structural deterioration in the tail-suspension model.</p>

Structural, densitometric and biomechanical evaluations of Chinese patients with long-term bisphosphonate treatment / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The association of long-term bisphosphonate treatment for osteoporosis and related safety problems such as atypical fractures were not clearly defined. This study was to evaluate the structural, densitometric and biomechanical properties of the prolonged bisphosphonate-loaded bones.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Bone mineral density (BMD) at hip and femoral midshaft, bone cross-sectional area, moment of inertia of both femurs, bone formation and resorption biochemical markers were compared between 28 elderly with at least 4 years of bisphosphonate treatment from 2002 through 2006 and age-matched group of 37 elderly.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total hip BMD and t-score were found not different between two groups. However, bisphosphonate treated patients were found to have significantly lower bone mineral content in the femoral shaft (P < 0.05); morphological study showed lower cross-sectional area in subtrochanteric and mid-diaphyseal region and thus significantly lower moment of inertia (P < 0.01). High resolution-peripheral quantitative computed tomography showed significantly decreased trabecular density, bone volume ratio, trabecular number but increased trabecular spacing in tibia and distal radius. Finite element analysis further confirmed significantly lower stiffness and failure load in tibia. Biochemical studies also showed lower bone resorption and severely suppressed bone formation activity (P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The unchanged total hip BMD between two groups confirmed the beneficial effects of bisphosphonate on trabecular bone, thus preventing osteoporotic fractures at large in previous studies. However, the inferior structural, densitometric and biomechanical properties at cortical bones, especially femur midshaft, need a special attention to look into the association between long-term bisphosphonate intake and the occurrence of stress fractures. When patients taking bisphosphonate complain of proximal thigh pain or discomfort, plain X-ray film can be the first line screening. All patients prescribed with bisphosphonate should be informed of such a complication though we must stress its rarity.</p>

A herbal formula for prevention of influenza-like syndrome: a double-blind randomized clinical trial / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the efficacy of a herbal formula in the prevention of influenza or influenza-like syndrome among elderies residing in old-people's home in Hong Kong. The secondary objectives are to investigate the quality of life (QOL) and symptomology changes among the herbal users and to evaluate the safety of this formula.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In ten old people's home or community centres in New Territories, Hong Kong, 740 eligible subjects agreed to join the study and were randomized to receive a herbal formula or a placebo on alternate days over 8 weeks. Among those 740 participants, 113 had provided blood samples for immunological assessments before and after the study drug. Assessments were done at 0, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Participants were instructed to keep a daily record of body temperature and any symptoms as sore throat, myalgia, running nose or cough, and to report to assessor accordingly. Those reporting body temperature of 37.8 °C and above would be visited and a proper nasopharyngeal swab be taken for viral study.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seventy-two participants developed influenza-like-symptoms but none of them was proven influenza in their nasopharyngeal swabs, 40 of these patients belonged to the herbal group and 32 to the placebo group, without significant differences between groups. The difference on the changes in QOL between the two groups was not statistically significant. However, in the immunological study, the natural killer cell absolute count was significantly increased in the herbal group compared with the placebo group (463 ± 253 vs 413 ± 198, P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The herbal preparation was not effective compared with placebo in the prevention of influenza-like syndrome. It was however safe and possibly supporting immunological responses.</p>

Application of Chinese herbal medicines to revitalize adult stem cells for tissue regeneration / 中国结合医学杂志

It has been established in the recent several decades that adult stem cells play a crucial role in tissue renewal and regeneration. Adult stem cells locate in certain organs can differentiate into functional entities such as macrophages and bone cells. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are two of the most important populations of adult stem cells. The application of these stem cells offers a new insight in treating various pathological conditions, through replenishing cells of specific functions by turning on or off the differentiating program within quiescent stem cell niches. Apart from that, they are also capable to travel through the circulation, migrate to injury sites and differentiate to enhance regeneration process. Recently, Chinese medicine (CM) has shown to be potential candidates to activate adult stem cells for tissue regeneration. This review summarizes our own, as well as others' findings concerning the use of Chinese herbal medicine in the regulation processes of adult stem cells differentiation and their movement in tissue repair and rejuvenation. A number of Chinese herbs are used as therapeutic agents and presumably preventive agents on metabolic disorders. In our opinion, the activation of adult stem cells self-regeneration not only provides a novel way to repair tissue damage, but also reduces the use of targeted drug that adversely altering the normal metabolism of human subjects.

Chinese medicine and the surgeon / 中国结合医学杂志

The surgeon aims at a direct, complete removal of the pathology. In spite of the modern advancements of imaging facilities and precision instrumentations, unsatisfactory results and recurrences are not uncommon. This paper provides a general review of the four specific areas in surgery that would benefit from Chinese medicine. Extensive searches were made on four surgical areas based on available English language journals, viz. low-back pain, chronic ulcers, renal calculus, and enuresis in children, in the past 10 years. The quoted communications are mainly related to clinical evidences, while a smaller number of crucial laboratory reports are also included. Low-back pain, a most frequent orthopaedic problem, would benefit from acupuncture treatment. Chronic leg ulcers could achieve better results of healing using herbal supplements. Problems of renal stones, besides the conventional methods of removal, could be further supplemented with herbal drinks that aim at prevention of recurrences. Enuresis in children, an untreatable common condition, may respond well to acupuncture. Surgeons should keep an open mind. In case of difficulties, they could seriously consider options of traditional treatment.

An innovative herbal product for the prevention of osteoporosis / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To prevent the deterioration of osteopenia, a triple herb product Bo-gu Ling ( , ELP) was created for a clinical trial on post-menopausal women suffering from osteopenia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The design of the clinical trial was of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled nature. A total of 150 women aged 40-60 years, who were after menopause for at least 1 year and their lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) must be lower than 0.891 g/cm(2), were recruited and randomly divided into the ELP group treated with ELP and the placebo group, with 75 in each group. The primary endpoint was the BMD of the lumbar spine that was assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 months after treatment. Secondary endpoints included peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) measurements of distal tibia and the changes in the quality of life (QOL).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The spine BMD of the ELP group was increased by 0.69% in the subjects who were more than 10 years after menopause. In contrast, the placebo group of the same stratum decreased by 0.61% (P=0.067). In the subjects with more than 10 years duration of menopause, the hip BMD increased by 0.21% in the ELP group, compared with a decrease of 0.52% in the placebo group (P=0.159). The tibia strength-strain index was increased by 1.94% in the ELP group compared with 0.33% in the placebo group (P=0.047). Physical function of SF-36 QOL questionnaire was remarkably improved compared with the baseline, but did not show dominance over the placebo group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ELP showed potential benefit in improving BMD on the women who experienced over 10 years of menopause.</p>

Acupuncture: Complications are preventable not adverse events / 中国结合医学杂志

If adverse effects are understood as "something that happened unexpectedly" while receiving drug treatment, there is no difference between adverse effects and complications. However, acupuncture is a process different from the use of drugs. While acupuncture procedures should not be taken for granted as safe, complications causing harm are usually, according to the authors, the result of negligence, and should be differentiated from other adverse effects. Harmful complications noted consisted of bleeding and damage to the tissues and organs under the puncture sites. Adverse effects consisted of symptomatology like fainting and other systemic disturbances difficult to explain. In a study of acupuncture complications and adverse effects in 2000 procedures conducted by experienced professional acupuncturists in a research institution, it was found that complications did not occur, and adverse events happened infrequently. Attempts were made to explain the causes of adverse effects. Now that acupuncture is being widely incorporated into medical practice, a good understanding of adverse effects and complications would be necessary and helpful.

Happy aging / 中国结合医学杂志

Aging is a normal physiological process in human life. The decline in the ability to repair and regenerate predisposes the aging person to develop disabling problems in the cardiovascular and skeletal systems. Full awareness of aging problems and advocations on the means to prevent their occurrence are mounting. European and US groups rely on scientific, target-oriented means to treat aging manifestations. Oriental medicine aims at prevention, using nutrition and exercise to maintain internal harmony.

Corticosteroids are not present in a traditional Chinese medicine formulation for atopic dermatitis in children

<p><b>INTRODUCTION</b>Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used as an alternative in treating children with atopic dermatitis (AD) but its efficacy and potential side effects are debatable. We recently used a TCM capsule (PentaHerbs) on 9 children and observed significant reductions in clinical scores of disease severity. However, there have been concerns that the therapeutic effects of many forms of TCM are due to the presence of corticosteroids. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if common corticosteroids are present in PentaHerbs capsules.</p><p><b>MATERIALS AND METHODS</b>PentaHerbs powder was analysed with thin-layer chromatography, infra-red spectrophotometry and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Hydrocortisone, prednisolone, fludrocortisone and dexamethasone were not detected in the PentaHerbs capsules.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Corticosteroids are not present in the 5 familiar herbs that were earlier shown to have efficacy on AD.</p>

A practical way of research in Chinese medicine

While modern medicine has a very well established system of clinical research which insists on evidence-based methodology, traditional medicine has not developed its own system of research, despite of its length of existence and unreceding popularity. Since there are still many problem areas in modern medicine, and traditional medicine possesses good records of efficacy in those areas, it is natural that experts in both areas should collaborate in a proper exploration to put traditional medicine into popular utilisation. One way of achieving this is to follow the requirements of modern clinical trials as much as possible. Obvious obstacles include the uncertain origin of supply of herbs and the inconsistency of their quality, manufacturing of convenient products (which has improved) and methodology for clinical trials. One practical way in pursuing this joint venture is to apply the efficacy-driven approach, which suggests the following: i) Using a simple herbal formula to try solving one difficult clinical problem and start an evidence-based clinical trial using methodology acceptable to standard clinical trials i.e., one which is randomised and placebo-controlled; ii) Organising parallel laboratory experiments to understand the mode of action; iii) Making sure that the quality of herbs or their extracts are of the best standard; and iv) Optimising the formula, once it is proven efficacious in a clinical trial, to give an upgraded product.

Effects of budesonide, desloratadine and dexamethasone on interleukine-4 release and expression from human mast cell line / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Since human mast cell is an important source of cytokines, it is of importance to understand the effects of anti-allergic drugs on cytokines modulation in mast cells. In the present study, we aimed at observing whether IL-4 could be released from human mast cell line (HMC-1) after the stimulation of PMA + A23187, and the effects of systemic glucocorticosteroid, dexamethasone, topical glucocorticosteroid, budesonide and H1 antagonist, desloratadine on IL-4 release and mRNA expression.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HMC-1 was stimulated with 25 ng/ml phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and 2.5 x 10(-7) mol/L ionomycin (A23187) and cultured for 6 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours respectively in the presence or absence of 10(-6)-10(-10) mol/L concentrations of test drugs. Culture supernatants were collected and the levels of IL-4 were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The mRNA expression of IL-4 was measured by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HMC-1 expressed IL-4 mRNA and the resulting protein production of IL-4 released after being stimulated with PMA plus A23187. Dexamethasone, budesonide and desloratadine had potent inhibitory effect on IL-4 release at any concentrations and time points, with significant deference (P < 0.05) compared to the control cells. The inhibitory effect did not show time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner. Desloratadine and budesonide showed neither up-regulatory nor down-regulatory effects on IL-4 mRNA expression at the test concentrations, however, desloratadine could down-regulate IL-4 mRNA expression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>HMC-1 could express and produce IL4 after stimulation. Dexamethasone, budesonide and desloratadine all had inhibitory effects on IL-4 release from HMC-1. In addition, desloratadine could also inhibit the IL-4 mRNA expression.</p>

Establishment of a modified intranasally ovalbumin induced animal model of allergic rhinitis / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the early and late symptomatic, pathological and immunological changes in an intranasal ovalbumin-induced animal model of allergic rhinitis in guinea pigs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Guinea pigs were intranasally sensitized with ovalbumin absorbed on aluminum hydroxide and after 5 days' interval, they were challenged with 1% ovalbumin solution once every 3 days for total 11 times. Two control groups were studied in parallel, the positive treatment control group was treated with antihistamine and the negative control group was sham-sensitized and sham-challenged. Typical symptoms of allergic rhinitis, such as sneezing, nasal scratching, nasal blockage and rhinorrhea were evaluated. Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction (PCA) was performed to measure the levels of IgG1 and IgE. Eosinophils infiltration and goblet cells in nasal mucosa were observed. In addition, the level of histamine and the number of total leukocytes and eosinophils in the nasal lavage fluid were also measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the model group, symptoms of sneezing, nasal scratching, nasal blockage and rhinorrhea were induced after ovalbumin challenge. The respiratory rate (RR), which reflected the resistance of upper airway, showed a biphasic change. In the PCA test, IgG1 and IgE levels increased after challenges. Eosinophil infiltration in nasal mucosa was more obvious in active groups in comparison to with the negative control group (P < 0.05 or < 0.01). The histamine, total leucocytes and eosinophils levels in nasal lavage fluid also showed higher in the model group (P < 0.05 or < 0.01). The antihistamine treated animals were also induced out above changes but modest compared with the model group (P < 0.05 or < 0.01). The negative control showed few of above changes with significant difference (P < 0.05 or < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Our results implied that the modified animal model of allergic rhinitis was capable of showing satisfactory symptomatic and pathophysiological changes in allergic rhinitis. It showed a biphasic nasal blockage with shorter establishment duration. The model also had good treatment reaction to antihistamine. The animal model we introduced may be useful in the study of allergic rhinitis.</p>